Sonar
Installation, commissioning and maintenance
Sonar is an ultrasonic system used in ships and other vessels for navigation, and locating objects underwater.
Sound waves travel faster than light through water. However, ordinary sound waves cannot travel longer distances, only ultrasonic waves can. Due to their high frequency and short wavelength, ultrasonic waves penetrate water to very long distances and it is this feature that is utilized in sonar.
How this works, in the case of a submarine. While deep in water, the vessel finds its way by sending out pulses of ultrasound and listening to the echoes. Depending on the time it takes for the echoes to come back, the navigator of the vessel can figure out, if there are any ships, submarines, or other obstacles nearby.
This technique is also used by ships to calculate how deep the waters are by firing sound beam straight downward.
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